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Factors influencing near infrared spectroscopy analysis of agro-products: a review

Xiao XU, Lijuan XIE, Yibin YING

《农业科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2019年 第6卷 第2期   页码 105-115 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2019255

摘要:

The near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy technique has wide applications in agriculture with the advantages of being nondestructive, sensitive, safe and rapid. However, there are still more than 40 error sources influencing the robustness and accuracy of its calibration and operation. Environmental, sample and instrument factors that influence the analysis are discussed in this review, including temperature, humidity and other factors that introduce uncertainty. Error sources from livestock products, fruit and vegetables, which are the most common objects in the field of NIR analysis, are also emphasized in the second part. In addition, studies utilizing different instruments, spectral pretreatments, variable selection methods, wavelength ranges, detection modes and calibration methods are tabulated to illustrate the complications they introduce and how they influence NIR analysis. It is suggested that large scale of data with abundant varieties can be used to build a more robust calibration model, in order to improve the robustness and accuracy of the NIR analytical model, and overcome problems caused by confining analysis to too many uniform samples.

关键词: agro-product     error source     influence factor     near infrared spectroscopy    

Chord error constraint based integrated control strategy for contour error compensation

Tie ZHANG, Caicheng WU, Yanbiao ZOU

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2020年 第15卷 第4期   页码 645-658 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0601-7

摘要: As the traditional cross-coupling control method cannot meet the requirements for tracking accuracy and contour control accuracy in large curvature positions, an integrated control strategy of cross-coupling contour error compensation based on chord error constraint, which consists of a cross-coupling controller and an improved position error compensator, is proposed. To reduce the contour error, a PI-type cross-coupling controller is designed, with its stability being analyzed by using the contour error transfer function. Moreover, a feed rate regulator based on the chord error constraint is proposed, which performs speed planning with the maximum feed rate allowed by the large curvature position as the constraint condition, so as to meet the requirements of large curvature positions for the chord error. Besides, an improved position error compensation method is further presented by combining the feed rate regulator with the position error compensator, which improves the tracking accuracy via the advance compensation of tracking error. The biaxial experimental results of non-uniform rational B-splines curves indicate that the proposed integrated control strategy can significantly improve the tracking and contour control accuracy in biaxial contour following tasks.

关键词: cross-coupling controller     contour error     tracking error     position error compensator     feed rate regulator    

Kinematic error separation on five-axis NC machine tool based on telescoping double ball bar

Min WANG, Jianzhong HU, Tao ZAN

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2010年 第5卷 第4期   页码 431-437 doi: 10.1007/s11465-010-0110-1

摘要: The theory and algorithm of the homogeneous transformation matrix (HTM) method are applied in establishing the kinematic error model of five-axis machining tool with two-axis turntable. Based on this model, a new method for the kinematic error separation in five-axis numerical control (NC) machining tool is proposed. In this study, three types of simultaneous three-axis control motions are designed for each rotary axis to identify the deviations. In the measurement, two translational axes and one rotary axis are simultaneously controlled to keep a constant distance between the tool and the worktable. Telescoping double ball bar is used to measure the relative distance between the spindle and the worktable in the motion of NC machining tool. Finally, the value measured by telescoping double ball bar is substituted into the model to obtain kinematic error of NC machining tool. Comparison has confirmed that the proposed method is high precision and can be applied to effectively and conveniently measure the five-axis machining tool.

关键词: error modeling     error separation     telescoping double ball bar     five-axis numerical control (NC) machining tool    

Robust ensemble of metamodels based on the hybrid error measure

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第16卷 第3期   页码 623-634 doi: 10.1007/s11465-021-0641-7

摘要: Metamodels have been widely used as an alternative for expensive physical experiments or complex, time-consuming computational simulations to provide a fast but accurate analysis. However, challenge remains in the prior determination of the most suitable metamodel for a particular case because of the lack of information about the actual behavior of a system. In addition, existing studies on metamodels have largely restricted on solving deterministic problems (e.g., data from finite element models), whereas some real-life engineering problems (e.g., data from physical experiment) are stochastic problems with noisy data. In this work, a robust ensemble of metamodels (EMs) is proposed by combining three regression stand-alone metamodels in a weighted sum form. The weight factor is adaptively determined according to the hybrid error metric, which combines global and local error measures to improve the accuracy of the EMs. Furthermore, three typical individual metamodels that can filter noise are selected to construct the EMs to extend their application in practical engineering problems. Three well-known benchmark problems with different levels of noise and three engineering problems are used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed EMs. Results show that the proposed EMs have higher accuracy and robustness than the individual metamodels and other typical EMs in major cases.

关键词: metamodel     ensemble of metamodels     hybrid error measure     stochastic problem    

具有新概念的运动误差及形状误差的分离法——虚位数据法

洪迈生,李自军,苏恒,叶飞帆

《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第10期   页码 48-51

摘要:

提出了一种基于信号重建的虚位数据法,用此方法,可以按需要任意选择只分离形状误差或只分离运动误差,或者任意安排分离这两类误差的先后顺序,而不必变更传统的形状误差检测-分离系统,方式灵活,使用方便。

关键词: 虚位数据     信号重建     形状误差     运动误差     误差分离技术    

Dependence of error sensitivity of frequency on bias voltage in force-balanced micro accelerometer

Lili CHEN, Wu ZHOU

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2013年 第8卷 第2期   页码 146-149 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0260-z

摘要:

To predict more precisely the frequency of force-balanced micro accelerometer with different bias voltages, the effects of bias voltages on error sensitivity of frequency is studied. The resonance frequency of accelerometer under closed loop control is derived according to its operation principle, and its error sensitivity is derived and analyzed under over etching structure according to the characteristics of Deep Reaction Ion Etching (DRIE). Based on the theoretical results, micro accelerometer is fabricated and tested to study the influences of AC bias voltage and DC bias voltage on sensitivity, respectively. Experimental results indicate that the relative errors between test data and theory data are less than 7%, and the fluctuating value of error sensitivity under the range of voltage adjustment is less than 0.01 μm . It is concluded that the error sensitivity with designed parameters of structure, circuit and process error can be used to predict the frequency of accelerometer with no need to consider the influence of bias voltage.

关键词: Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)     micro accelerometer     force-balanced micro accelerometer     frequency     error sensitivity    

A frequency error estimation for isogeometric analysis of Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shells

《结构与土木工程前沿(英文)》 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0006-x

摘要: A frequency error estimation is presented for the isogeometric free vibration analysis of Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shells using both quadratic and cubic basis functions. By analyzing the discrete isogeometric equations with the aid of harmonic wave assumption, the frequency error measures are rationally derived for the quadratic and cubic formulations for Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shells. In particular, the governing relationship of the continuum frequency for Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shells is naturally embedded into the frequency error measures without the need of explicit frequency expressions, which usually are not trivial for the shell problems. In accordance with these theoretical findings, the 2nd and 4th orders of frequency accuracy are attained for the isogeometric schemes using quadratic and cubic basis functions, respectively. Numerical results not only thoroughly verify the theoretical convergence rates of frequency solutions, but also manifest an excellent magnitude match between numerical and theoretical frequency errors for the isogeometric free vibration analysis of Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shells.

关键词: isogeometric analysis     Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shell     free vibration     frequency error     convergence    

Error measurement and assemble error correction of a 3D-step-gauge

MAO Xinyong, LI Bin, SHI Hanmin, LIU Hongqi, LI Xi, LI Peigen

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2007年 第2卷 第4期   页码 388-393 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0067-x

摘要: A new artifact called 3D-step-gauge consisting of a pyramid array and a compound, is proposed to calculate geometrical errors for machine tools. Only one point on each profile of the pyramid in the array is probed, and its center coordinate can be calculated. Then, the intervals of the pyramids can be transfered a length standard to measure errors. Considering the differences in the structural parameters and the location of the pyramids, a volumetric error measurement method of discrete points is presented. Furthermore, the location errors between the calibration state and the measurement state are studied and their influences on the accuracy of the position measurement are investigated on an actual machine tool. The 3D-step-gauge was tested on an actual machine tool and the measurement result shows quick assembly, convenient measurement, and high accuracy.

关键词: volumetric     pyramid     assembly     accuracy     calibration    

Development of source profiles and their application in source apportionment of PM

Ningning Zhang, Mazhan Zhuang, Jie Tian, Pengshan Tian, Jieru Zhang, Qiyuan Wang, Yaqing Zhou, Rujin Huang, Chongshu Zhu, Xuemin Zhang, Junji Cao

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2016年 第10卷 第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0879-1

摘要: Seasonal and spatial distribution of PM and its component were shown. Local source profiles of major PM sources were developed. Source apportionment was conducted using CMB model. Inorganic secondary components is the biggest contribution at Xiamen. Ambient PM samples were collected at four sites in Xiamen, including Gulangyu (GLY), Hongwen (HW), Huli (HL) and Jimei (JM) during January, April, July and October 2013. Local source samples were obtained from coal burning power plants, industries, motor vehicles, biomass burning, fugitive dust, and sea salt for the source apportionment studies. The highest value of PM mass concentration and species related to human activities (SO , NO , Pb, Ni, V, Cu, Cd, organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC)) were found in the ambient samples from HL, and the highest and lowest loadings of PM and its components occurred in winter and summer, respectively. The reconstructed mass balance indicated that ambient PM consisted of 24% OM (organic matter), 23% sulfate, 14% nitrate, 9% ammonium, 9% geological material, 6% sea salt, 5% EC and 10% others. For the source profiles, the dominant components were OC for coal burning, motor vehicle, biomass burning and sea salt; SO for industry; and crustal elements for fugitive dust. Source contributions were calculated using a chemical mass balance (CMB) model based on ambient PM concentrations and the source profiles. GLY was characterized by high contributions from secondary sulfate and cooking, while HL and JM were most strongly affected by motor vehicle emissions, and biomass burning and fugitive dust, respectively. The CMB results indicated that PM from Xiamen is composed of 27.4% secondary inorganic components, 20.8% motor vehicle emissions, 11.7% fugitive dust, 9.9% sea salt, 9.3% coal burning, 5.0% biomass burning, 3.1% industry and 6.8% others.

关键词: PM2.5     Source profile     Source apportionment     CMB     Xiamen    

Error analysis and optimization of a 3-degree of freedom translational Parallel Kinematic Machine

null

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2014年 第9卷 第2期   页码 120-129 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0300-3

摘要:

In this paper, error modeling and analysis of a typical 3-degree of freedom translational Parallel Kinematic Machine is presented. This mechanism provides translational motion along the Cartesian X-, Y- and Z- axes. It consists of three limbs each having an arm and forearm with prismatic-revolute-revolute-revolute joints. The moving or tool platform maintains same orientation in the entire workspace due to its joint arrangement. From inverse kinematics, the joint angles for a given position of tool platform necessary for the error modeling and analysis are obtained. Error modeling is done based on the differentiation of the inverse kinematic equations. Variation of pose errors along XY and Z directions for a set of dimensions of the parallel kinematic machine is presented. A non-dimensional performance index, namely, global error transformation index is used to study the influence of dimensions and its corresponding global maximum pose error is reported. An attempt is made to find the optimal dimensions of the Parallel Kinematic Machine using Genetic Algorithms in MATLAB. The methodology presented and the results obtained are useful for predicting the performance capability of the Parallel Kinematic Machine under study.

关键词: translational Parallel Kinematic Machine     error modeling     global error transformation index    

The source and transport of bioaerosols in the air: A review

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第3期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-020-1336-8

摘要:

• Emission of microbe from local environments is a main source of bioaerosols.

关键词: Bioaerosols     Diffusion     Source identification     Biogeography    

δN-stable isotope analysis of NH: An overview on analytical measurements, source sampling and its source

《环境科学与工程前沿(英文)》 2021年 第15卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1414-6

摘要:

• Challenges in sampling of NH3 sources for d15N analysis are highlighted.

关键词: Aerosol ammonium     Atmospheric gaseous ammonia     Isotope fingerprinting     Isotope-based source apportionment     Ammonia gas-to-particle conversion    

Identification of thermal error in a feed system based on multi-class LS-SVM

Chao JIN, Bo WU, Youmin HU, Yao CHENG

《机械工程前沿(英文)》 2012年 第7卷 第1期   页码 47-54 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0307-6

摘要:

Research of thermal characteristics has been a key issue in the development of high-speed feed system. The thermal positioning error of a ball-screw is one of the most important objects to consider for high-accuracy and high-speed machine tools. The research work undertaken herein ultimately aims at the development of a comprehensive thermal error identification model with high accuracy and robust. Using multi-class least squares support vector machines (LS-SVM), the thermal positioning error of the feed system is identified with the variance and mean square value of the temperatures of supporting bearings and screw-nut as feature vector. A series of experiments were carried out on a self-made quasi high-speed feed system experimental bench HUST-FS-001 to verify the identification capacity of the presented method. The results show that the recommended model can be used to predict the thermal error of a feed system with good accuracy, which is better than the ordinary BP and RBF neural network. The work described in this paper lays a solid foundation of thermal error prediction and compensation in a feed system.

关键词: least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM)     feed system     thermal error     precision machining    

Fault tolerant control strategy for modular PWM current source inverter

《能源前沿(英文)》 2023年 第17卷 第2期   页码 228-238 doi: 10.1007/s11708-022-0852-6

摘要: In this paper, a fault-tolerant control method for an input-series output-parallel modular grid-tied pulse-width modulation (PWM) current source inverter is proposed to address the most commonly seen single symmetrical gate-commutated thyristor (SGCT) open-circuit fault problems. This method actively offsets the neutral point of the current space vector to ensure a sinusoidal output of the grid current, and it can achieve the upper limit power of the inverter under the condition of a single SGCT open-circuit fault. In addition, an active damping control method based on grid harmonic current feedback is proposed after analyzing the influence of the transformer ferromagnetic resonance caused by the neutral point offset on the power quality of the grid current. It has been demonstrated that the proposed method effectively suppresses the resonance caused by the transformer and the modified modulation, improving the grid current’s power quality.

关键词: current source converter (CSC)     fault-tolerant control     space vector modulation     active damping     resonance suppression     power quality    

测量与信息技术

张国雄

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第3期   页码 62-66

摘要:

测量是获取信息的重要手段。科学研究、生产、高科技发展都离不开测量。测量技术发展的重要特点是它与信息技术的融合,这是提高测量精度、在线和动态测量、复杂参数和复杂环境下测量、智能测量的需要。这一融合贯穿始终,它包括信号调制与解调、采样与重构、信号融合、数据压缩、滤波、信号变换、时间序列分析、谱分析、数据拟合与建模、模式识别、神经网络、仿真与虚拟、误差分离、误差补偿、冗余技术、决策与智能技术等,它们互相支持。文章通过三坐标测量机误差补偿、圆度和轴系误差测量,以及大型工程的柔性坐标测量系统,介绍其在提高测量精度、优化、自标定、丢失信息自恢复、系统重组等方面的作用及其关键技术。

关键词: 测量     信息技术     误差补偿     建模     冗余技术     误差分离    

标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Factors influencing near infrared spectroscopy analysis of agro-products: a review

Xiao XU, Lijuan XIE, Yibin YING

期刊论文

Chord error constraint based integrated control strategy for contour error compensation

Tie ZHANG, Caicheng WU, Yanbiao ZOU

期刊论文

Kinematic error separation on five-axis NC machine tool based on telescoping double ball bar

Min WANG, Jianzhong HU, Tao ZAN

期刊论文

Robust ensemble of metamodels based on the hybrid error measure

期刊论文

具有新概念的运动误差及形状误差的分离法——虚位数据法

洪迈生,李自军,苏恒,叶飞帆

期刊论文

Dependence of error sensitivity of frequency on bias voltage in force-balanced micro accelerometer

Lili CHEN, Wu ZHOU

期刊论文

A frequency error estimation for isogeometric analysis of Kirchhoff–Love cylindrical shells

期刊论文

Error measurement and assemble error correction of a 3D-step-gauge

MAO Xinyong, LI Bin, SHI Hanmin, LIU Hongqi, LI Xi, LI Peigen

期刊论文

Development of source profiles and their application in source apportionment of PM

Ningning Zhang, Mazhan Zhuang, Jie Tian, Pengshan Tian, Jieru Zhang, Qiyuan Wang, Yaqing Zhou, Rujin Huang, Chongshu Zhu, Xuemin Zhang, Junji Cao

期刊论文

Error analysis and optimization of a 3-degree of freedom translational Parallel Kinematic Machine

null

期刊论文

The source and transport of bioaerosols in the air: A review

期刊论文

δN-stable isotope analysis of NH: An overview on analytical measurements, source sampling and its source

期刊论文

Identification of thermal error in a feed system based on multi-class LS-SVM

Chao JIN, Bo WU, Youmin HU, Yao CHENG

期刊论文

Fault tolerant control strategy for modular PWM current source inverter

期刊论文

测量与信息技术

张国雄

期刊论文